Dr. Richard Feinberg
Biography
1969, University of California, Berkeley; 1971, University of Chicago; Ph.D.: 1974, University of Chicago;Taught at 鶹Ƶ since 1974;Active involvement in professional associations: American Anthropological Association; Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania; Central States Anthropological Society
Publications
A. Books, Monographs, and special issues of journals
1977 The Anutan Language Reconsidered: Lexicon and Grammar of a Polynesian Outlier. Two Volumes. HRAFlex Books. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files Press.
1979 Social Change in a Navajo Community. HRAFlex Books. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files Press.
1979 Anutan Concepts of Disease: A Polynesian Study, with foreword by D. Carleton Gajdusek, M.D. IPS Monograph Number 3. Lā‘ie, Hawai‘i: Institute for Polynesian Studies.
1980 Tempest in a Tea House: American Attitudes Toward Breast-Feeding, edited by Richard Feinberg. Kent, Ohio: Kent Popular Press.
1981 Anuta: Social Structure of a Polynesian Island, with foreword by Sir Raymond Firth. Lā‘ie and Copenhagen: Institute for Polynesian Studies and the National Museum of Denmark.
1983 Anuta: Social Structure of a Polynesian Island. Second Printing.
1988 Polynesian Seafaring and Navigation: Ocean Travel in Anutan Culture and Society, with foreword by Ben R. Finney. Kent, Ohio: 鶹Ƶ Press.
1991 ASAO Bibliography: Publications Resulting from Sessions at Annual Meetings of the Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania, compiled and edited by Richard Feinberg and Susan Win. Kent, OH: Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania. (Updated by Lynette Furuhashi and Karen Peacock, and reprinted in 1996.)
1995 Politics of Culture in the Pacific Islands, edited by R. Feinberg and L. Zimmer-Tamakoshi. Ethnology 34(2-3):89-209. Special issue.
1995 Seafaring in the Contemporary Pacific Islands: Studies in Continuity and Change, edited by Richard Feinberg. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press.
1996 Leadership and Change in the Western Pacific: Essays in Honor of Sir Raymond Firth, edited by Richard Feinberg and Karen Ann Watson-Gegeo. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology, Number 66. London: Athlone.
1998 Oral Traditions of Anuta: A Polynesian Outlier in the Solomon Islands. Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics, Volume 15. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2001 The Cultural Analysis of Kinship: The Legacy of David M. Schneider, edited by Richard Feinberg and Martin Ottenheimer. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
2002 Oceania: An Introduction to the Cultures and Identities of Pacific Islanders, by Andrew J. Strathern, Pamela Stewart, Laurence M. Carucci, Lin Poyer, Richard Feinberg, and Cluny Macpherson. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
2003 Polynesian Seafaring and Navigation: Ocean Travel in Anutan Culture and Society. Kent, Ohio: 鶹Ƶ Press. Second (paperback) edition.
2004 Anuta: Polynesian Lifeways for the 21st Century. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
2005 A Polynesian Outlier Bibliography, compiled and edited by R. Feinberg. Canberra: Australian National University AnthroGlobe Bibliographies:
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2005 ASAO Bibliography: Publications Resulting from Sessions at Annual Meetings of the Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania, compiled and edited by Richard Feinberg, Susan Win, Lynette Furuhashi, Karen Peacock, and Joy St. James. Honolulu: Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania <>.
2011 Oral Traditions of Anuta: A Polynesian Outlier in the Solomon Islands (electronic reissue of 1998 print edition). Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics, Volume 15. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2011 Anuta: Polynesian Lifeways for the 21st Century (reissue of 2004 Waveland edition). Kent, OH: 鶹Ƶ Press.
2012 Polynesian Outliers: The State of the Art, edited by R. Feinberg and R. Scaglion. Ethnology Monographs, No. 21. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
2014 Spatial Orientation and Cognition in Oceania and Indonesia, guest edited by R. Feinberg and A. Mawyer. Ethos 42(3):243-397. Special Issue.
2016 Navigation and Spatial Orientation in the Pacific Islands, guest edited by R. Feinberg, C. Conboy Pyrek, and A. Mawyer. Structure and Dynamics: eJournal of Anthropology and Related Sciences 9(1). Special Issue. <>.
2017 Polynesian Oral Traditions: Indigenous Texts and Translations from Anuta, Solomon Islands. Kent, OH: 鶹Ƶ Press. In Press.
2017 Oceania: An Introduction to the Cultures and Identities of Pacific Islanders, Second Edition. By A. J. Strathern, P. Stewart, L. M. Carucci, L.Poyer, R. Feinberg, and C. Macpherson. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. In Press.
2017 Anuta: Polynesian Lifeways for the 21st Century. Audio edition. Kent, OH: 鶹Ƶ Press.
B. REFEREED JOURNAL Articles
1973 Anutan Social Structure. In Anuta: A Polynesian Outlier in the Solomon Islands. D. E. Yen and Janet Gordon, eds. Pacific Anthropological Records, Number 21:9-21.
1976 Archaeology, Oral History, and Sequence of Occupation on Anuta Island. Journal of the Polynesian Society 85(1):99-101.
1978 Anutan Epistemology: The Roots of ‘Knowledge’ on a Polynesian Outlier. ѾDzԱ 14(2): 127-137.
1979 Schneider’s Symbolic Culture Theory: An Appraisal. Current Anthropology 20(3):541-549.
1979 Author’s response to comments on “Schneider’s Symbolic Culture Theory: An Appraisal.” Current Anthropology 20(3):558-560.
1979 Shifting Residential and Subsistence Patterns in a Navajo Community. Ethnos 44(1-2):242-258.
1979 Kindred and Alliance on Anuta Island. Journal of the Polynesian Society 88(3):327-348.
1979 The Role of the Ethnographer in Shaping Attitudes toward Anthropologists: A Case in Point. Pacific Studies 2(2):156-166.
1980 Supernatural Sanctions and the Social Order on a Polynesian Outlier. Anthropological Forum 4(3):331-351.
1980 History and Structure: A Case of Polynesian Dualism. Journal of Anthropological Research 36(3):331-378.
1981 Symbolic Dimensions of Breast-feeding in America. Case Analysis, 1(4):329-335.
1981 Competition and Cooperation: Human Nature in Cross-cultural Perspective. The Journal of Anthropology 2(2):147-153.
1981 What is Polynesian Kinship all About? Ethnology 29(2):115-131.
1981 Structural Dimensions of Sociopolitical Change on Anuta. Pacific Studies 5(2).
1982 Some Observations on a Polynesian Naming System: Personal Names and Naming on Anuta. Journal of the Polynesian Society 91(4):581-588.
1983 What’s in a Name? Personal Identity and Naming on Anuta. Central Issues in Anthropology 5(1):27-42.
1984 On Individual and Culture in American Anthropology: Reply to Herve Varenne. Current Anthropology 25(4):534-535.
1985 A Note on Data Presentation in Ethnographic Reports. American Anthropologist 87(3):666-668.
1985 Custom and Development on Nukumanu Atoll. Bikmaus: Journal of Papua New Guinea Affairs, Ideas, and the Arts 6(1):89-100.
1985 CA comment on “Structural Patterns of Sibling Classification in Island Oceania” by Mac Marshall. Current Anthropology 26(5):660.
1986 Introduction to translation of “Ethnography of Ontong Java and Tasman Islands with remarks re. the Marqueen and Abgarris Islands” by Richard Parkinson, translated by Rose S. Hartmann. Pacific Studies 9(3):1-31.
1986 On “Anomalous Westerlies, El Niño, and the Colonization of Polynesia” by Ben R. Finney. American Anthropologist 88(2):454-455.
1986 The “Anuta Problem”: Local Sovereignty and National Integration in the Solomon Islands. Man (Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland) 21(3):438-452.
1986 Market Economy and Changing Sex-roles on a Polynesian Atoll. Ethnology 25(4):271-282.
1988 Socio-spatial Symbolism and the Logic of Rank on two Polynesian Outliers. ٳԴDZDz 27(3):291-310.
1988 Margaret Mead and Samoa: Coming of Age in Fact and Fiction. American Anthropologist 90(3):656-663.
1989 Possible Prehistoric Contacts between Tonga and Anuta. Journal of the Polynesian Society 98(3):303-317.
1989 Symbolic Structures and Social Space: Reflections on the Logic of Rank in Polynesia. Geographia Religionum 7:11-27.
1990 Natural and spiritual etiologies on a Polynesian atoll in Papua New Guinea. Social Science and Medicine 30(3):311-323.
1990 New Guinea models on a Polynesian Outlier? Ethnology 29(1):83-96.
1990 The Solomon Islands Tenth Anniversary of Independence: Problems of National Symbolism and National Integration. Pacific Studies 13(2):19-40.
1991 A Long-distance Voyage in Contemporary Polynesia. Journal of the Polynesian Society 100(1):25-44.
1994 Illness as an Index of Social Stress and Acculturation. Etnograficheskoe Obozrenie (Ethnological Review) 1(1):24-32.
1994 Contested Worlds: Politics of Culture and the Politics of Anthropology. The Place of Humanism in Anthropology Today, edited by Ivan Brady and Edith Turner. Special issue, Anthropology and Humanism 19(1):20-35.
1995 Politics of Culture in the Pacific Islands: Introduction to Politics of Culture in the Pacific Islands, edited by L. Zimmer-Tamakoshi and R. Feinberg. Ethnology 34(2):91-98. Special issue.
1995 Christian Polynesians and Pagan Spirits: Anuta, Solomon Islands. Journal of the Polynesian Society 104(3):267-301.
1996 Outer Islanders and Urban Resettlement in the Solomon Islands: The Case of Anutans on Guadalcanal. Journal de la Société des Océanistes 103(2):207-217.
1998 Righting Wrongs on Anuta. Pacific Studies 21(3):29-49.
2002 Elements of Leadership in Oceania. Anthropological Forum 12(1):9-44.
2002 A Polynesian People’s Struggle to Maintain Community in the Solomon Islands. In Constructing Moral Communities: Pacific Islander Strategies for Settling in New Places, edited by Judith Modell. Special issue, Pacific Studies 25(1/2):45-70.
2003 Reply to Warren Shapiro's review of The Cultural Analysis of Kinship: The Legacy of David M. Schneider. American Anthropologist 105(4):881.
2003 Overstatements in “The Fall of Kinship.” Journal of Cognition and Culture 3(4):318-322.
2003 ‘Drawing the Coral Heads’: Mental Mapping and its Physical Representation in a Polynesian Community. By R. Feinberg, U. J. Dymon, Pu Paiaki, Pu Rangituteki, Pu Nukuriaki, and M. Rollins. The Cartographic Journal 40(3):243-253.
2005 Reflections on the Value of Ethnography. Anthropological Forum 15(3):297-306.
2006 Early European–Polynesian Contact Reenacted: Anutan “Handling” of a Foreign Fishing Vessel. American Ethnologist 33(1):114-125.
2006 The Changing Role of Music in a Polynesian Outlier Community: Anuta, Solomon Islands. Anthroglobe Journal <http://www.anthroglobe.org/docs/changing_music_anuta.htm>.
2006 From Oriori to the Everly Brothers: Observations on the Music of Nukumanu (by Jennifer Johnstone and Richard Feinberg). Journal of the Polynesian Society 115(4):365-381.
2007 Dialectics of Culture: Relativism in Popular and Anthropological Discourse. Anthropological Quarterly 80(3):777-790.
2009 Nukumanu Kinship and Contested Cultural Definition. Journal of the Polynesian Society 118(3): 259-292.
2010 Marine Resource Conservation and Prospects for Environmental Sustainability on Anuta, Solomon Islands. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 31(1):41-54.
2011 In Search of te Lapa: A Navigational Enigma in Vaeakau-Taumako, Southeastern Solomon Islands. Journal of the Polynesian Society 120(1):57-70.
2011 Much Ado about Very Little: Derek Brereton on the Purported Death of Cultural Relativism. Journal of Critical Realism 10(4):511-519.
2012 Limitations of Language for Conveying Navigational Knowledge: Way-finding in the Southeastern Solomon Islands (by R. Feinberg and J. Genz). American Anthropologist 114(2): 336-350.
2013 We the Taumako: Kinship among Polynesians in the Santa Cruz Islands. Structure and Dynamics: eJournal of Anthropology and Related Sciences 6(1). Special Issue on New Developments in the Study of Kinship, edited by Dwight Read and Fadwa El Guindi <>.
2014 Senses of Space: Multiplying Models of Spatial Cognition in Oceania by Alexander Mawyer and Richard Feinberg. Introduction to Spatial Orientation and Cognition in Oceania and Indonesia, edited by R. Feinberg and A. Mawyer. Ethos 42(3):243-252. Special Issue.
2014 Multiple Models of Space and Movement on Taumako, A Polynesian Island in the Southeastern Solomons. In Spatial Orientation and Cognition in Oceania and Indonesia, edited by R. Feinberg and A. Mawyer. Ethos 42(3):302-331. Special Issue.
2016 Response to Nash on Creole Spatiality and Pitcairn Island (with Alexander Mawyer). Ethos 44(1):9-10.
2016 Introduction: Navigating Spatial Relationships in Oceania (by R. Feinberg, C. Conboy Pyrek, and A. Mawyer). Navigation and Spatial Orientation in the Pacific Islands, edited by R. Feinberg, C. Conboy Pyrek, and A. Mawyer. Structure and Dynamics: eJournal of Anthropology and Related Sciences 9(1). Special Issue. <>.
2016 The Vaeakau-Taumako Wind Compass as Part of a “Navigational Toolkit” (by C. Conboy Pyrek and R. Feinberg.) Navigation and Spatial Orientation in the Pacific Islands, edited by R. Feinberg, C. Conboy Pyrek, and A. Mawyer. Structure and Dynamics: eJournal of Anthropological and Related Sciences 9(1). Special Issue. <>.
2016 Conceptualizing ‘Front’ and ‘Back’: Frames of Reference and Taumako Representations of Space. Navigation and Spatial Orientation in the Pacific Islands, edited by R. Feinberg, C. Conboy Pyrek, and A. Mawyer. Structure and Dynamics: eJournal of Anthropological and Related Sciences 9(1). Special Issue. <>.
C. Book Chapters
1978 Rank and authority on Anuta Island. In Adaptation and Symbolism: Essays on Social Organization. Karen Ann Watson-Gegeo and S. Lee Seaton, eds. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press. Pp. 1-32.
1980 Introduction: breast-feeding in America. In Tempest in a Tea House: American Attitudes toward Breast-feeding, edited by Richard Feinberg. Kent, Ohio: Kent Popular Press. Pp. 1-9.
1981 The meaning of ‘sibling’ on Anuta Island. In Siblingship in Oceania: Studies in the Meaning of Kin Relations, edited by Mac Marshall. ASAO Monograph Number 8. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Pp. 105-148.
1982 Structural dimensions of sociopolitical change on Anuta. Proceedings of Conference on Evolving Political Cultures in the Pacific Islands, edited by Gloria Cronin. Lā`ie: Institute for Polynesian Studies (124-142). Reprinted from Pacific Studies 5(2).
1983 The meaning of ‘sibling’ on Anuta Island. In Siblingship in Oceania: Studies in the Meaning of Kin Relations, edited by Mac Marshall. ASAO Monograph Number 8. Pp. 105-148. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. Second Printing.
1989 What’s so funny about that? Fieldwork and laughter in Polynesia. In The Humbled Anthropologist: Tales from the Pacific, edited by Philip DeVita. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company. Pp. 53-60.
1991 Anuta. In Encyclopedia of World Cultures, Volume II: Oceania. Terence E. Hays, volume editor. Boston: G. K. Hall. Pp. 13-16.
1992 Margaret Mead and Samoa: Coming of Age in fact and fiction. In Critical Thinking and Writing in the Disciplines, edited by Mary McGann. Allyn and Bacon, Publishers. Pp. 206-216. Reprinted from American Anthropologist (1988).
1995 Introduction: theme and variation in Pacific Island seafaring. In Seafaring in Contemporary Oceania: Studies in Continuity and Change, edited by Richard Feinberg. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press. Pp. 3-15.
1995 Continuity and change in Nukumanu maritime technology and practice. In Seafaring in Contemporary Oceania: Studies in Continuity and Change, edited by R. Feinberg. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press. Pp. 159-195.
1995 Epilogue (by Ward H. Goodenough and Richard Feinberg). In Seafaring in Contemporary Oceania: Studies in Continuity and Change, edited by R. Feinberg. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press. Pp. 219-230.
1996 Spirit encounters on Anuta, Solomon Islands. In Spirits in Culture, History, and Mind, edited by Jeanette Marie Mageo and Alan Howard. New York and London: Routledge. Pp. 99-120.
1996 Preface (by Richard. Feinberg and Karen Ann Watson-Gegeo) to Leadership and Change in the Western Pacific: Essays in Honor of Sir Raymond Firth, edited by R. Feinberg and K. A. Watson-Gegeo. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology, Number 66. London: Athlone. Pp. viii-xiv.
1996 Leadership and change in the Western Pacific (by Karen Ann Watson-Gegeo and Richard Feinberg). Introduction to Leadership and Change in the Western Pacific: Essays in Honor of Sir Raymond Firth, edited by R. Feinberg and K. A. Watson-Gegeo. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology, Number 66. London: Athlone. Pp. 1-55.
1996 Sanctity and power on Anuta: Polynesian chieftainship revisited. In Leadership and Change in the Western Pacific: Essays in Honor of Sir Raymond Firth, edited by R. Feinberg and K. A. Watson-Gegeo. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology, Number 66. London: Athlone. Pp. 56-92.
1997 Polynesian navigation. In Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, edited by Helaine Selin. Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Pp. 773-776.
1998 Anuta. In The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: Australia and the Pacific Islands, edited by Adrienne Kaeppler and Jacob W. Love. New York: Garland. Pp. 856-861.
2001 The Anuta Islanders. In Endangered Peoples of Oceania: Struggles to Survive and Thrive, edited by Judith M. Fitzpatrick. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Pp. 17-32.
2001 Danger in paradise: Euphoria and near-tragedy on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. In Incidents, edited by Terry Stocker. Tempe, AZ: Franklin Publishing. Pp. 76-88.
2001 Introduction: Schneider’s cultural analysis of kinship and its implications for anthropological relativism. In The Cultural Analysis of Kinship: The Legacy of David M. Schneider, edited by Richard Feinberg and Martin Ottenheimer. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Pp. 1-31.
2006 Pacific seafaring. In Encyclopedia of Anthropology, edited by James Birx. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Pp. 1798-1799.
2006 Schneider, David M. In Encyclopedia of Anthropology, edited by James Birx. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Pp. 2060-2061.
2006 Tikopia. In Encyclopedia of Anthropology, edited by James Birx. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Pp. 2191-2196.
2008 Polynesian navigation. In Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (second edition), edited by Helaine Selin. Berlin, Heidelberg, & New York: Springer-Verlag. Pp. 1743-1746.
2008 Seafaring in the Polynesian Outliers (by R. Feinberg and M. George). In Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (second edition), edited by Helaine Selin. Berlin, Heidelberg, & New York: Springer-Verlag. Pp. 1983-1989.
2008 Anuta. World Culture Encyclopedia <>.
2008 Polynesian representations of geographical and cosmological space: Anuta, Solomon Islands. In Canoes of the Grand Ocean, edited by Anne Di Piazza and Erik Pearthree. Oxford: British Archaeological Research (BAR) Archaeopress. Pp. 69-84.
2010 Representaciones polinesias del espacio geográfico y cosmológico. In Moana: Culturas de las islas del Pacifico, edited by Carlos Mondragon. Mexico City: Institute Nacional de Antropologia e Historia (National Museum of Anthropology and History). Pp. 33-44.
2010 Sister Lilian: Autobiography of Sister Lilian Takua Maeva of Anuta, Solomon Islands, the Community of the Sisters of the Church, and the Church of Melanesia. Recorded, introduced and edited by Richard Feinberg. Project Canterbury, Online Archive of the Church of England <>.
2011 Do Anutans empathize? Morality, compassion, and opacity of other minds. In The Anthropology of Empathy: Experiencing the Lives of others in Pacific Societies, edited by Douglas W. Hollan and C. Jason Throop. ASAO Studies in Pacific Anthropology, Volume 1. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Press. Pp. 151-167.
2011 Black English in California Schools. Sidebar in The Anthropology of Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology by Harriet Joseph Ottenheimer. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage. P. 310.
2012 Preface (by R. Feinberg and R. Scaglion). In Polynesian Outliers: The State of the Art, edited by R. Feinberg and R. Scaglion. Ethnology Monographs, No. 21. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. P. v.
2012 Chapter 1: Introduction: The Polynesian outliers (by R. Scaglion and R. Feinberg). In Polynesian Outliers: The State of the Art, edited by R. Feinberg and R. Scaglion. Ethnology Monographs, No. 21. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Pp. 1-16.
2012 Chapter 5: Seafaring (by R. Feinberg and M. George). In Polynesian Outliers: The State of the Art, edited by R. Feinberg and R. Scaglion. Ethnology Monographs, No. 21. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Pp. 77-90.
2012 Chapter 8: Kinship and Social Structure (by R. Feinberg and W. Donner). In Polynesian Outliers: The State of the Art, edited by R. Feinberg and R. Scaglion. Ethnology Monographs, No. 21. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Pp. 139-156.
2012 Chapter 11: Religion (by R. Feinberg, J. Macdonald, and R. I. Lohmann). In Polynesian Outliers: The State of the Art, edited by R. Feinberg and R. Scaglion. Ethnology Monographs, No. 21. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Pp. 187-216.
2013 David M. Schneider. Encyclopedia of Theory in Social and Cultural Anthropology, edited by Jon R. McGee and Richard L. Warms. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Pp. 758-761.
2014 ‘Drawing the Coral Heads’: Mental Mapping and its Physical Representation in a Polynesian Community (with U. J. Dymon, Pu Paiaki, Pu Rangituteki, Pu Nukuriaki, and M. Rollins). In The People, Place, and Space Reader, edited by J. J. Gieseking, W. Mangold, C. Katz, S. Low, and S. Saegert. New York and London: Routledge.
2017 Defending ‘Traditional’ Marriage? Whose Definition? What Tradition? In Cultures of the United States: A Reader in Cultural Anthropology, Third Edition, edited by Jennifer Miller-Thayer. Plymouth, MI: Hayden-McNeil Publishing.
2017 Pay Attention and Go with the Flow. Introduction to First Fieldwork: Pacific Anthropology, 1960-1985, edited by L. Zimmer-Tamakoshi. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press. In Press.
Education
University of Chicago, 1971
Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1974
Expertise
Semiotics
Structuralism
Cognition
Pacific islands
Navigation/Spatial/Orientation
Cultural Diversity
Cultural politics
Native Americans
Cultural anthropology
Anthropology
Symbolic anthropology
Kinship and social organization
Physical activity
coronary health
diet
Religion